100 個程序員必須知道的 Vim 命令

資料來源：100 個程序員必須知道的 Vim 命令

100 Vim commands every programmer should know

Search/搜索

/word Search 「word」 from top to bottom 從上向下搜索』word'
?word Search 「word」 from bottom to top 從上向下搜索』word'
/jo[ha]n Search 「john」 or 「joan」 搜索」john」或」joan」
/\< the Search 「the」, 「theatre」 or 「then」 /the\> Search 「the」 or 「breathe」
/\< the\> Search 「the」
/\< ….\> Search all words of 4 letters
/\/ Search 「fred」 but not 「alfred」 or 「frederick」
/fred\|joe Search 「fred」 or 「joe」
/\<\d\d\d\d\> Search exactly 4 digits
/^\n\{3} Find 3 empty lines
:bufdo /searchstr/ Search in all open files

Replace

:%s/old/new/g Replace all occurences of 「old」 by 「new」 in file
:%s/old/new/gw Replace all occurences with confirmation
:2,35s/old/new/g Replace all occurences between lines 2 and 35
:5,$s/old/new/g Replace all occurences from line 5 to EOF
:%s/^/hello/g Replace the begining of each line by 「hello」
:%s/$/Harry/g Replace the end of each line by 「Harry」
:%s/onward/forward/gi Replace 「onward」 by 「forward」 , case unsensitive
:%s/ *$//g Delete all white spaces
:g/string/d Delete all lines containing 「string」
:v/string/d Delete all lines containing which didn't contain 「string」
:s/Bill/Steve/ Replace the first occurence of 「Bill」 by 「Steve」 in current line
:s/Bill/Steve/g Replace 「Bill」 by 「Steve」 in current line
:%s/Bill/Steve/g Replace 「Bill」 by 「Steve」 in all the file
:%s/\r//g Delete DOS carriage returns (^M)
:%s/\r/\r/g Transform DOS carriage returns in returns
:%s#<[^>]\+>##g Delete HTML tags but keeps text
:%s/^\(.*\)\n\1$/\1/ Delete lines which appears twice
Ctrl+a Increment number under the cursor
Ctrl+x Decrement number under cursor
ggVGg? Change text to Rot13

Case

Vu Lowercase line
VU Uppercase line
g~~ Invert case
vEU Switch word to uppercase
vE~ Modify word case
ggguG Set all text to lowercase
:set ignorecase Ignore case in searches
:set smartcase Ignore case in searches excepted if an uppercase letter is used
:%s/\<./\u&/g Sets first letter of each word to uppercase :%s/\<./\l&/g Sets first letter of each word to lowercase :%s/.*/\u& Sets first letter of each line to uppercase :%s/.*/\l& Sets first letter of each line to lowercase

Read/Write files

:1,10 w outfile Saves lines 1 to 10 in outfile :1,10 w >> outfile Appends lines 1 to 10 to outfile
:r infile Insert the content of infile
:23r infile Insert the content of infile under line 23

File explorer

:e . Open integrated file explorer
:Sex Split window and open integrated file explorer
:browse e Graphical file explorer
:ls List buffers
:cd .. Move to parent directory
:args List files
:args *.php Open file list
:grep expression *.php Returns a list of .php files contening expression
gf Open file name under cursor

Interact with Unix

:!pwd Execute the 「pwd」 unix command, then returns to Vi
!!pwd Execute the 「pwd」 unix command and insert output in file
:sh Temporary returns to Unix
$exit Retourns to Vi

Alignment

:%!fmt Align all lines
!}fmt Align all lines at the current position
5!!fmt Align the next 5 lines

Tabs

:tabnew Creates a new tab
gt Show next tab
:tabfirst Show first tab
:tablast Show last tab
:tabm n(position) Rearrange tabs
:tabdo %s/foo/bar/g Execute a command in all tabs
:tab ball Puts all open files in tabs

Window spliting

:e filename Edit filename in current window
:split filename Split the window and open filename
ctrl-w up arrow Puts cursor in top window
ctrl-w ctrl-w Puts cursor in next window
ctrl-w_ Maximise current window
ctrl-w= Gives the same size to all windows
10 ctrl-w+ Add 10 lines to current window
:vsplit file Split window vertically
:sview file Same as :split in readonly mode
:hide Close current window
nly Close all windows, excepted current
:b 2 Open #2 in this window

Auto-completion

Ctrl+n Ctrl+p (in insert mode) Complete word
Ctrl+x Ctrl+l Complete line
:set dictionary=dict Define dict as a dictionnary
Ctrl+x Ctrl+k Complete with dictionnary

Marks

mk Marks current position as k
『k Moves cursor to mark k
d'k Delete all until mark k

Abbreviations

:ab mail mail@provider.org Define mail as abbreviation of mail@provider.org

Text indent

:set autoindent Turn on auto-indent
:set smartindent Turn on intelligent auto-indent
:set shiftwidth=4 Defines 4 spaces as indent size
ctrl-t, ctrl-d Indent/un-indent in insert mode
>> Indent
<< Un-indent

Syntax highlighting

:syntax on Turn on syntax highlighting
:syntax off Turn off syntax highlighting
:set syntax=perl Force syntax highlighting